The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and one electron in the region outside the nucleus. The electron and proton are attracted to each other.

The choice between electron diffraction and XRD depends on the specific requirements of the study, such as the need for high spatial resolution, sensitivity to light elements, or the nature of the ...

The energy released during these transitions can cause the emission of another electron, known as the Auger electron. In the Auger process, the energy of these Auger electrons is characteristic of the ...