The skin consists of two primary layers. The epidermis, the outermost layer, is predominantly made up of keratinocytes, while ...

and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary cell wall, the middle lamella, and the secondary cell wall (not pictured). The cell wall surrounds the ...

Central to this structure are cell wall polysaccharides and S-layer proteins, which contribute to the bacterium's mechanical stability, nutrient uptake, and interactions with the host. Recent ...