It is now 66 for both men and women. Between April 2026 and March 2028 it will rise to 67.

We discuss the economic consequences of tariffs, why governments use them, and whether they actually achieve their intended goals.

What factors contribute to ethnic gaps in private pension participation rates, and how might these gaps impact future ...

This response to a UK parliamentary inquiry assesses how the Scottish Government is funded, including via the Barnett formula and Fiscal Framework.

What are the drivers of ethnic gaps in private pension participation rates and what consequences will these gaps have for ...

"Shifting the performance of an entire economy requires a long-term, consistent and persistent direction." Paul Johnson ...

Rising interest rates could put the government on track to miss its fiscal rules. What are the Chancellor’s options?

Paul has been director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies since 2011. He is a columnist for The Times, and is a regular contributor to other broadcast and print media. He is a visiting professor in ...

We set out how air pollution (PM2.5) has changed across England and explore inequalities by ethnicity, income deprivation, region and age.

"Shifting the performance of an entire economy requires a long-term, consistent and persistent direction." Paul Johnson writes for the Times. We study young adults who live with parents, considering ...

As part of their research on the effectiveness of early years policies, IFS researchers sometimes use data on attendance at Sure Start children centres, held by local authorities. Many local ...