This study presents an important discovery regarding the diversity and evolution of gall-forming microbial effectors. Supported by convincing computational structural predictions and analyses, the ...

usually proteins. The phosphate generally comes from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kinases and phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups, are involved in nearly all signal transduction processes ...

Plant signalling involves the conveying of information within and between plant cells from receptor systems to effectors. Signals can take many forms, including chemical and electrical, and ...

Feb. 11, 2025 — Colorado's forests store a massive amount of carbon, but dying trees -- mostly due to insects and disease -- have caused the state's forests to emit more carbon than they ...