Protons sit in the nuclei of all atoms, but they are not fundamental particles: They are made of three quarks held together by the strong nuclear force. The strength of this interaction is actually ...

These nuclei had specific numbers of protons or neutrons, or magic numbers, as physicist Eugene Wigner called them. The race ...

In the case of lead-208—the heaviest stable isotope known so far—a team of researchers led by physicist Jack Henderson ...

Scientists have achieved an incredible feat—mapping the forces inside a proton with extreme precision, uncovering the immense ...

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have revealed an unprecedented map of the forces acting within a proton. This map ...

Neutron stars are some of the densest objects in the universe. They are the core of a collapsed megastar that went supernova, ...

The new material could be key to finally building a successful fusion reactor.

They have a radius of around 1 × 10 10 metres. This symbol shows that chlorine has 35 particles in the nucleus (protons and neutrons), 17 of which are protons. It also tells us that chlorine has ...

The “lead” of a pencil is actually made of a substance called graphite which is made of carbon atoms. The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and ...

The protons and neutrons themselves are the basic bound states of quarks in the universe; how these states are formed from quarks interacting with the gluonic field described by Quantum Chromodynamics ...