Acid-base disorders are pathologic changes in carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) or serum bicarbonate (HCO3−) that typically produce abnormal arterial pH values. Acidemia is serum pH < 7.35. Alkalemia is serum pH > 7.45. Acidosis refers to physiologic processes that cause acid accumulation or alkali loss.

In this article, we aim to provide the reader with an overview of the key concepts necessary for developing a good working understanding of acid-base disorders that commonly present in clinical medicine. We start with some acid-base disorder definitions and then provide a series of case vignettes to illustrate the key points.

2024年9月23日 · PHYSIOLOGY AND ASSESSMENT OF ACID-BASE STATUS. Each day, adults generate large amounts of acids that must be expired, excreted, metabolized to noncharged neutral molecules, and/or buffered to avoid fatal acidemia. These acids are of three major classes:

2024年11月8日 · The blood gas is used to rapidly assess ventilatory function and identify acid-base disorders – and will also generally provide point-of-care testing of a number of values such as electrolytes, blood glucose and haemoglobin.

Acid-base disorders are common in patients who are critically ill. 1 A systematic approach to evaluating these disorders provides vital diagnostic information and guides timely treatment. 2 – 5 ...

2014年10月9日 · The four recognized primary acid–base disorders comprise two metabolic disorders (acidosis and alkalosis) and two respiratory disorders (acidosis and alkalosis).

2024年6月29日 · Elevated anion gap is concerning, because many causes of this are immediately life-threatening. (Unlike, for example, non-anion-gap metabolic acidosis – where most causes are not life threats). Bicarbonate <22 mM with a normal anion gap indicates a pure non-anion-gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA).

2024年3月12日 · Acid-base and electrolyte disorders have many potential aetiologies, which include respiratory or renal disease, endocrine disorders, obesity, and medication. Resulting imbalances include acidosis (pH <7.35), alkalosis (pH >7.45), and high or low levels of key electrolyte ions, including sodium, ...

2024年6月25日 · Acid-base disorders are characterized by changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the body. Increased H+ concentration (acidosis) can lead to an abnormally low blood pH (acidemia) and ...

2025年2月13日 · Metabolic Acidosis. Under normal conditions, the kidneys work to maintain a normal pH by excreting acids through urine; they also neutralize excess acids by increasing bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) reabsorption from the urine.When the kidneys are not able to perform this buffering function to the level required to excrete and neutralize the excess acid, acids …